Powder Actuated Fastening

Powder Actuated Fastening

One of the first steps in the construction of a new home is

setting the steel beams and columns in the basement and/or crawl

space. This supports the floor joists and usually runs the length

of the house at mid span in most homes. Not only does this system

support the floor, but usually has the weight of bearing walls,

ceilings, second floors, second floor bearing walls and sometimes

roofs transfered down to it.

The first step is to install the sill plates on the foundation

wall . This gives you a place to nail 2x4 bracing to hold columns and beams in place while you install them. Once set in place these braces hold the steel till the floor joists are nailed in to take their place.

Before I continue, a word of caution. Homebuilding can be a

dangerous activity. Care and safety are a must in all phases of

the construction process. Setting steel definitely falls into

this category. Beams can weigh anywhere from 100 to 400 pounds

depending on their size and length. Beams can be lifted into

place manually but I would recommend the use of a crane. Not only

can the beams be put in place safely, but it can also quicken the

process.

With the sill plates in place the steel can be set. One end of

the first beam typically starts in a beam pocket formed into the

top of the foundation wall. The other end sits on top of a lally

column. A typical column is 3 1/2" in diameter and filled with

concrete. It has a flange welded to the top with holes in it that

match holes in the bottom flange of the beam. The beam is lowered

onto the column and then bolted together.

To make this happen, I like to use four people. One to hold the

beam in the pocket, one to hold the column, one man on a ladder

to guide and bolt the beam onto the column and one man to nail

off bracing to sill plates. Braces (2x4's) are laid flat on the

bottom flange of the beam on both sides of the web and then

nailed to the sill plates on opposing walls.

The next beam is now ready to be set. With one person holding the

next column, the next beam is lowered onto the new column and the

previous column. Men on ladders guide it into place and bolt it

down. Again 2x4's are used to brace the beam to the outside

foundation walls. This procedure is repeated until you get to a

beam pocket at the other end of the building, or a column that

terminates at an opening.

To keep beams level and straight, I like to use a dry line from

beam pocket to beam pocket (this can also be done with a laser).

First I drive a nail in the sill plate corresponding with the

edge of the beam. Most beams run pocket to pocket. If this is the

case I'll drive a nail in the plate by that pocket at the same

dimension as the first nail, measured from a common reference

point, usually the front or back sill plate. I now have a

reference point to line up the edge of the beams with and result

in a straight installation.

Assuming the foundation and sill plates are level, this string

can be used to level the steel beams (again, a laser can be

used). After most beam installations a 2x plate is either bolted

or shot with a powder actuated tool to the top of the beam. This

is to bring it level with the sill plates and to provide nailing

for the floor joists. Using a 2x block as a gauge, lay it on the

top of the beam where it sits on a column. This simulates the

plate that will be installed later. Shim the column till the

block touches the bottom of the dry line. Repeat this for every

column. Columns are shimmed with steel plates of various

thicknesses. These shims are provided by the steel supplier.

The next step is to plumb the lally columns on their concrete

pads. Using a 4-foot level, the columns are tapped into plumb

with a sledge hammer. Make sure the steel shims remain under the

columns. After all columns are plumbed up, the concrete floor can

be poured. This holds the columns in place.

The next step is to frame the floor. Once the floor joists are

nailed in place all bracing can be removed. The joists are now

holding the steel in place.

Just like the foundation, setting the steel straight and level is

important to producing a quality home.

(c) Mike Merisko www.sawkerfs.com

Mike Merisko has been a carpenter for 26 years. Most of those years were spent in the homebuilding and remodeling industries. He was also in business as a carpentry and general contractor. While that is his forte, he also has experience in bridge building, commercial construction, and exhibit building which is how he earns his living these days. You can browse through articles by him and others at his website http://www.sawkerfs.com or visit his blog at http://www.sawkerfs.blogspot.com

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