Winch Service Manual

Winch Service Manual

Glossary Of Wildfire Terms

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Wildland

Firefighting

Main articles

Wildfire   Bushfire

Wildfire suppression

Agencies

National Interagency Fire Center

USFS   BLM

CALFIRE   CALFIRE Aviation

New South Wales Rural Fire Service   Country Fire Authority, Victoria   Country Fire Service, South Australia

Tactics & Equipment

Incident Command System

Aerial firefighting

Controlled burn

Firebreak   Fire trail

Fire lookout tower

Fire-retardant gel

Fire fighting foam

Fire retardant   MAFFS

Helicopter bucket   Driptorch

Personnel

Handcrew   Hotshots

Helitack   Smokejumper

Rappeller   Engine crew

Lists

List of wildfires

Glossary of wildfire terms

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The following is a glossary of wildfire terms. Except where noted, terms are taken from a 1998 Fireline Handbook transcribed for a Conflict 21 counter-terrorism studies website by the Air National Guard.

Separate glossaries for firefighting terms and firefighting equipment are also available.

Contents: Top  09 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aerial canopy: Fuel type consisting of trees having few low branches, making it less susceptible to ignition by low-intensity fires.

Aerial firefighting (or air attack): Use of aircraft in support of ground resources to combat wildfires, often most effective in initial attack in light fuels.

Air drop: Delivery of supplies or retardant from the air. Supplies can be dropped by parachute. Retardant is dropped in a single "salvo" or one or more "trails", the size of which is determined by the wind and the volume, speed and altitude of the airtanker (usually no less than 200 feet above the drop zone).

Air operations: Group tasked with coordinating aerial-based observation, supply, rescue and suppression at a wildfire.

Air Tactical Group Supervisor or Air Attack: Coordinates air resources for attack of a fire.

Airtanker: Fixed-wing aircraft certified by FAA as being capable of transport and delivery of 600 to 3,0000 gallons of water or other liquid or powder fire retardants. Formerly referred to as "borate bombers" before borate-based retardants became less desirable. Often accompanied by a spotter plane.

Anchor point: An advantageous location, usually a barrier to fire spread, from which to start constructing a fireline. The anchor point is used to minimize the chance of being flanked (or outflanked) by the fire while the line is being constructed.

B

Backburn: Precautionary fire set downwind of main fire for controlled fuel clearing by "backing" it into the main fire, similar to burnout, below, which occurs adjacent to control line.

Backfire: A fire set along the inner edge of a fireline to consume the fuel in the path of a wildfire and/or change the direction or force of the fire convection column.

Bambi bucket: collapsible bucket for lifting and moving water or other fire retardant with a helicopter. (Note: The name was in use many years before the trademark owner claimed it in 1983.)

Barrier: Any obstruction to the spread of fire. Typically an area or strip devoid of combustible fuel.

Base: (1) staging and/or command center location for fire operations; (2) starting location of a fire; (3) base camp: location for eating, sleeping, etc., near staging or command center.

Berm: Soil heaped on the downhill side of a traversing fireline below a fire, to trap rolling firebrands.

Blackline: A condition where no combustible fuels remain between the fireline and the main fire.

Blowup: Sudden increase in fireline intensity or rate of spread of a fire sufficient to preclude direct control or to upset existing suppression plans. Often accompanied by violent convection and may have other characteristics of a firestorm.

Boise Interagency Fire Center (BIFC): The former name of the National Interagency Fire Center (see below); often pronounced as "biff-see".

Booster hose, booster pump, booster reel: small solid hose on a reel connected to a small pump fitted to a water tank on a vehicle. Booster pump also refers to pump in a relay series for pumping uphill beyond the lift of the previous pump.

Brush blade: Rake attachment for cutting or ripping brush and roots out of a fireline.

Brush hook: Cutting tool used to clear brush, longer than a machete, usually with a heavy, solid,curved blade bolted to the end of an arm's-length handle.

Brush truck: Small fire truck outfitted for wildland fire. Also called a "Type 6 Engine."

Bump up: To move to another location. Can refer to anything from moving to another location on a fireline, to an entire crew moving to another fire. "Bump back" means to return to your previous location. In the "bump" system of fireline construction, each firefighter works on a small piece of fireline with his or her tool, perhaps slowly walking as the line progresses, until a completed portion of line is encountered. Then the call to "bump up!" is heard, and everyone ahead of the caller skips ahead one or more positions, leaving the unfinished fireline for those coming up behind. This is known as the bump up method or leapfrog method.

Burning index: relative measure of fire-control difficulty; doubling the index means twice the effort may be needed to control the fire (e.g., wind shift, heavier fuel load, etc).

Burn out: Setting fire inside a control line to consume fuel between the edge of the fire and the control line.

Burning period: The part of each 24-hour period when fires spread most rapidly; typically from 10:00 AM to sundown.

Bushfire: A bushfire is a wildfire that occurs in the forests, scrubs, woodlands or grasslands of Australia or New Zealand.

C

Candle: A standing tree with a broken top which often continues to burn after the main firefront has passed. Candles usually send up a fountain of sparks and burning embers which may travel some distance and be of concern if near the unburnt side of a control line.

Closed area: An area in which specified activities or entry are temporarily restricted to reduce risk of human-caused fires.

Closure: Legal restriction, but not necessarily elimination, of specified activities such as smoking, camping, or entry that might cause fires in a given area.

Cold trailing: A method of controlling a partly dead fire edge by carefully inspecting and feeling with the hand for heat to detect any fire, and lining any live edge. This method is the only way to fly in the Great Basin.

Complex: Two or more individual incidents located in the same general area which are assigned to a single incident commander or unified command.

Confine a fire: The least aggressive wildfire suppression strategy which can be expected to keep the fire within established boundaries of constructed firelines under prevailing conditions.

Contain a fire: A moderately aggressive wildfire suppression strategy which can be expected to keep the fire within established boundaries of constructed firelines under prevailing conditions.

Control line: An inclusive term for all constructed or natural barriers and treated (retardant) fire edges used to control a fire.

Controlled burn: See Prescribed Burn (Rx burn).

Coyote tactics: A progressive line construction duty involving primarily hotshot and jumpers which build fireline until the end of the operational and then bed down where ever they end up sleeping just as they started the shift, no sleeping bag. "Coyoteing" is not to be confused with "spiking" where sleeping bags a hot buckets are the prizes of the day. Coyoteing is a very useful tool although very uncomfortable. For the privilege of coyoteing personnel are compensated while they sleep (usually).

Creeping fire: Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly.

Crown fire: A fire that advances from top to top of trees or shrubs more or less independent of a surface fire. Crown fires are sometimes classed as running or dependent to distinguish the degree of independence from the surface fire.

Crown out: see "Torching"

D

Dead Man Zone: Unburnt areas around edges of brush fire.

Demob: Demobilization, or a crew being removed from working a fire.

Direct Attack: Any treatment applied directly to burning fuel such as wetting, smothering, or chemically quenching the fire or by physically separating the burning from unburned fuel.

Dozer line: Fireline constructed by the front blade of a bulldozer or any tracked vehicle with a front mounted blade used for exposing mineral soil. Also "catline."

Drafting: using a suction pump to lift water from below the pump, using a semi-rigid suction hose, typically to fill a portable reservoir that has other suction pumps (to relay) or siphon hoses running downhill to their nozzles.

Drip torch: hand-carried fire-starting device filled with flammable liquid that is poured across a flaming wick, dropping flaming liquid onto the fuels to be burned.

Duff: Layer of decaying forest litter consisting of organics such as needles, leaves, plant and tree materials covering the mineral soil. Duff can smolder for days after a fire. Extinguishing smoldering duff is key to successful mopup operations.

E

Engine: Any ground vehicle providing specified levels of pumping, water, and hose capacity but with less than the specified level of personnel.

Engine crew: A number of personnel trained and supervised to respond to incidents using an engine. Typically much smaller than a hand crew.

Escape fire: An intentional fire ignited by a fire crew, usually in a grassland environment, to escape a dangerous situation.

Escaped fire: A fire, which has exceeded or is expected to exceed initial attack capabilities or prescription.

Extended attack: Situation in which a fire cannot be controlled by initial attack resources within a reasonable period of time. Committing additional resources within 24 hours after commencing suppression action will usually control the fire.

F

Fire behavior: The manner in which a fire reacts to the influences of fuel, weather, and topography.

Fire camp: Temporary camp established at large fires to provide food, rest, and other necessities to fire crews.

Fire cycle:

Fire danger:

Fire ecology:

Fire edge: The boundary of a fire at a given moment.

Fire fighting foam: The aerated solution created by forcing air into, or entraining air in water containing a foam concentrate by means of suitably designed equipment or by cascading it through the air at a high velocity. Foam reduces combustion by cooling, moistening and excluding oxygen.

Fire lookout tower: A structure located at a high vantage point to house and protect the person performing the duties of a Fire Lookout.

Fire Lookout: A person that keeps an eye for possible fire starts and conditions. They can work in a Fire Lookout Tower or perform the duty as a role for a fire crew on the fireline.

Fire rake: A rake with sharpened teeth instead of blades, for raking fire breaks.

Fire retardant: Any substance (except plain water) that by chemical or physical actions reduces flammability of fuels or slows their rate of combustion. See retardant slurry, AFFF, and Foam as examples.

Fire risk:

Fire shelter: An aluminized tent offering protection by means of reflecting radiant heat and providing a volume of breathable air in a fire entrapment situation. Carried as a safety tool, fire shelters should only be used in life-threatening situations, as a last resort, as severe burns or asphyxiation often result.

Fire shirt: Distinctive yellow shirts made of Nomex or other lightweight materials of low combustibility, used as uniform PPE of wildland firefighters, and more recently available in other colors (red, khaki, blue, etc).

Fire trail: Australian term for fireroad, road built specifically for access for "fire management purposes".

Fire weather: weather conditions that affect fire vulnerability, fire behavior and suppression.

Fire whirl: a tornado-like vortex that forms from the stretching of vorticity due to the interaction of air flowing towards and upwards in a fire.

Fire-Return Interval:

Fireline handbook: A small red booklet carried by U.S. firefighters on the firelines, as a quick reference on various firefighting topics.

Fireline: The part of a control line that is scraped or dug to mineral soil. Also called fire trail. More generally, working a fire is called being "on the fireline." May also refer to a "wet line" where water has been used to create a burn boundary in light fuels such as grass.

Firestorm: Extreme fire behavior indicated by widespread in-drafts and a tall column of smoke and flame, where added air increases fire intensity, creating runaway fire growth.

Firebreak: A natural or constructed barrier used to stop or check fires that may occur, or to provide a control line from which to work.

Flanks of a fire: The parts of a fire spread perimeter that grow to the sides then run roughly parallel to the main direction of spread. Separated flank heads are extremely dangerous in steep terrain.

Flare-up: Any sudden acceleration in rate of spread or intensification of the fire. Unlike blowup, a flare-up is of relatively short duration and does not radically change existing control plans.

Flash fuels: Fuels such as grass, leaves, draped pine needles, fern, tree moss and some kinds of slash, which ignite readily and are consumed rapidly when dry.

Fuel load: the mass of combustible materials available for a fire usually expressed as weight of fuel per unit area (e.g., 20 tons per acre).

Fuel moisture: Percent water content of vegetation, an important factor in rate of spread, ranging from dead-fuel and fine-fuel moisture (FFM), of 10 percent or less, to live-fuel moisture (LFM), of 60 percent or more. FFM can be estimated by weighing calibrated wood sticks.

Fuel type: An identifiable association of fuel elements of distinctive species, form, size, arrangement, or other characteristics that will cause a predictable rate of spread or resistance to control under specified weather conditions.

Fuelbreak: A natural or manmade change in fuel characteristics which affects fire behavior so that fires burning into them can be more readily controlled.

G

Ground fire: Fire that consumes the organic material beneath the surface litter ground, such as peat fire.

H

Hand crew: A number of individuals that have been organized and trained and are supervised principally for operational assignments on an incident, typically using hand tools. In the United States, an ordinary hand crew is 20 in number, including supervisors.

Hazard Reduction: Precautionary controlled and managed fire lit during cooler and/or wetter weather in order to reduce the available fuel load. Sometimes incorrectly called a backburn.

Head of a fire: The most rapidly spreading portion of a fire perimeter, usually to the leeward or up slope; may have multiple heads if there are separated flanking fires.

Heavy fuels: Fuels of large diameter such as snags, logs, large limb wood, which ignite and are consumed more slowly than flash fuels.

Helispot: A natural or improved takeoff and landing area intended for temporary or occasional helicopter use, typically in remote areas without other access.

Helitack: A fire crew trained to use helicopters for initial attack, and to support large fires through bucket drops and the movement of personnel, equipment and supplies. Another primarily function of helitack is jumper support and retrieval.

Hot spot: A particularly active part of a fire.

Hotshot crew: Intensively trained fire crew used primarily in hand line construction, and organized primarily to travel long distances from fire to fire as needed rather than serving only one geographic location.

I

Incident Command System (ICS): System first developed to provide a command structure to manage large wildfires in the United States, now widely used by many emergency management agencies.

Indian pump: Water vessel carried on one's back, either a rigid can or collapsible bag, with a hose and telescoping squirt pump. Contains 5 US gal, and is used on hot spots and during mop up. Also called bladder bag (if collapsible), piss pump, or Fedco. Of uncertain utility in active crown fires.

Indirect attack: A method of suppression in which the control line is located some considerable distance away from the fire active edge. Generally done in the case of a fast-spreading or high-intensity fire and to utilize natural or constructed firebreaks fuel breaks and favorable breaks in the topography. The intervening fuel is usually backfired; but occasionally the main fire is allowed to burn to the line, depending on conditions.

Infrared (IR) detector: A heat detection system used for fire detection, mapping, and hotspot identification.

Initial attack: The actions taken by the first resources to arrive at a wildfire to protect lives and property, and prevent further extension of the fire. Usually done by trained and experienced crews and takes place immediately after size-up.

Interface zone: Where urban firefighting meets wildland firefighting. Structures at the edges of wildlands are threatened and require skills and equipment of both disciplines.

Into the black: Moving from outside the fire front to inside the burned area, which is sometimes the safest place to be in a flare-up, i.e., behind the fire, if possible to traverse the flames.

K

Knock down: To reduce the flame or heat on the more vigorously burning parts of a fire edge, usually by cooling with dirt, water or other retardant.

L

Ladder fuels: Flammable vegetation that helps a ground fire move into the canopy.

LCES: Firefighter safety mnemonic for Lookouts, Communications, Escape routes, Safe zones.

Lead plane: Aircraft with pilot used to make trial runs over the target area to check wind, smoke conditions, topography and to lead air tankers to targets and supervise their drops.

Let-burn policy: Administrative decision to defer fire suppression, perhaps because of wilderness and long-term forest conservation considerations.

Light 'em, fight 'em: Derogatory term for wildland crew with a reputation for igniting its prescribed burns carelessly.

Line firing: Activity related to burn out along a fireline, using drip torches, fusees or other flammable materials.

Litter (forest litter): Surface buildup of leaves and twigs.

Logging slash or logging debris: Tops, stumps, mill ends, limbs left by logging operations. May be beneficial to soil stability, but can dry out and create heavy fuel load hazards.

Longline: Helicopter arrangement for lowering external loads (or removing loads) into areas not available for landing, using a long cable suspended from a hard point on the belly of the aircraft.

Lookouts: (1) Safety person positioned to monitor the location and behavior of a fire, ready to signal a crew to escape; (2) Fire lookout tower or fire tower, often on mountain-tops, for viewing the surrounding countryside and watching for signs of fire; (3) Fire lookout, the person who works in the fire lookout tower; (4) The "L" of "LCES" safety mnemonic, which see above.

M

McLeod: Hand tool used in fireline construction, consisting of a combination rake and hoe.

Mop-up: Extinguishing or removing burning material near control lines, felling snags, and trenching logs to prevent rolling after an area has burned, to make a fire safe, or to reduce residual smoke.

Mutual aid: cross-jurisdictional assistance with emergency services by pre-arranged agreement.

N

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): Fire and safety standards organization; issues various wildfire-oriented standards related to clothing, tactics, equipment, etc.

National Hose (NH): National Standard Thread (NST) design of threaded couplings used on fire hose in various diameters; incompatible with many types of wildfire hose threads, thus requiring adapters.

National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC): Coordination facility in Boise, Idaho, operated by several U.S. agencies to provide logistics, weather information and resource coordination for wildfire suppression across the U.S. (formerly BIFC).

Nomex: Brand of approved, fire retardant, synthetic, aramid cloth and thread used in personal protective equipment for wildland firefighting, and jumpsuits.

National Wildfire Coordinating Group: Coordination agency located in Washington, D.C. which sets national standards for firefighter training and publishes training manuals.

O

One-hour fuel: Vegetation with large surface-to-mass ratio, a so-called "fine fuel" (along with 10-hour) that quickly reaches critical (inflammable) moisture levels (fine fuel moisture, FFM) when exposed to heat; compare with 100-hour or 1000-hour fuels (i.e., live fuel moisture, LFM), which take much more heat to ignite.

Overhead: Personnel assigned to supervisory positions, including Incident Commander, Command Staff, General Staff, Branch Directors, Supervisors, Unit Leaders, Managers, and staff. Also may be organized according to qualifications and experience, as "Type I Overhead Team", and the like.

P

Palmer drought severity index (PDI): Technique for measuring impact of soil moisture changes on vegetation, for predicting fire danger and fire behavior.

Parallel attack: Fire containment method where crews construct a fireline at some distance from the edge of the fire (e.g., 100 yards) and then burn out the fuel in the buffer as the fireline is completed.

Perennial grasses: an extremely volatile fuel, after curing, in May, June, July, which can lead to large, fast fires that may reach larger fuels.

Point of origin: an element of fire behavior, indicating where a fire began, supporting further analysis of where the fire went or will go; evidence of specific origin is often obscured or destroyed by suppression tactics.

Prescribed burn: Deliberately ignited fire for the purpose of forest or prairie management, often to remove heavy fuel buildup or simulate natural cycles of fire in an ecosystem. Also called "controlled burn", even if it becomes uncontrollable.

Progressive hose lay: A method of deploying hoses along firelines during suppression and as they are built and reinforced, typically using 1 1/2-inch supply lines, gated wyes and 1-inch lateral lines with nozzles (or at least spigot valves) every 100 feet or so. As the line progesses, more hoses and valves are added.

Project fire: Any large fire requiring extensive management and the establishment of a temporary infrastructure to support firefighting efforts, such as fire camps.

Pulaski: Combination axe and grub hoe tool with a straight handle, used for building handline. Also known as "P-tool"

R

Rapeller: Crew of specialist firefighters who are trained to access a fire area by sliding down ropes suspended from a hovering helicopter. Also used for delivering wilderness first aid if a rapeller is an EMT.

Reburn: (1) Repeat burning of an area over which a fire has previously passed, but left fuel that later ignites when burning conditions are more favorable; (2) An area that has re-burned.

Red card: Credentials issued to qualified wildland firefighters, listing their qualifications and specialties.

Red-flag day: Weather conditions creating a critical fire hazard, may require closing the forest to non-emergency activities in order to minimize the risk of accidental wildland fires.

S

S-130/S-190: The basic wildland fire training course given to all U.S. firefighters before they can work on the fire lines.

Safety zone: An area cleared of flammable material used for escape in the event the line is outflanked or in case a spot fire causes fuels outside the control line to render the line unsafe. In firing operations, crews progress so as to maintain a safety zone close at hand allowing the fuels inside the control line to be consumed before going ahead. Safety zones may also be constructed as integral parts of fuel breaks; they are greatly enlarged areas which can be used with relative safety by firefighters and their equipment in the event of blowup in the vicinity.

Sawyer: Chainsaw crew, may also include aller or eller who is qualified to cut down trees or snags, perhaps while the tree or snag is burning.

Secondary line: Any fireline constructed at a distance from the fire perimeter concurrently with or after a line already constructed on or near to the perimeter of the fire. Generally constructed as an insurance measure in case the fire escapes control by the primary line.

SEAT: Single Engine Airtanker - small agricultural aircraft converted for use on fires, predominantly during the initial attack phase.

Size-up: Initial assessment of fire including (among other things) fuel load, fire weather, topography, fire behavior, hazards and exposures of valuable properties. Quickly detects need for additional resources and sets operational priorities.

Skidder unit: Pre-configured tank, pump, hose for attachment to a logging skidder (large 4-wheel-drive tractor with a dozer blade, winch or grapple) to be carried to a fireline.

Slash: Debris resulting from such natural events as wind, fire, or snow breakage; or such human activities as road construction, logging, pruning, thinning, or brush cutting. It includes logs, chunks, bark, branches, stumps, and broken under-story trees or brush. See also logging slash.

Sling load: Cargo net containing supplies or equipment delivered by longline below a helicopter.

Slopover: Fire spreading outside the boundaries of a control line.

Slug: Humorous pejorative term for those believed to be doing less work than you. "Heli-slug" for helislack, "camp slug" for fire camp support personnel, "engine slug" for engine crew member, etc. If you're not a Hotshot or smokejumper you're most likely a slug.

Slurry bomber: See Airtanker.

Smokechaser: Colloquial term for a wildland firefighter. Now mostly archaic, except in Minnesota where state Department of Natural Resources firefighters are officially known by that name.

Smokejumper: A specifically trained and certified firefighter who travels to remote wildfires by fixed-wing aircraft and parachutes into a jump spot - that may include trees - close to the fire.

Smoldering: A fire burning without flame and barely spreading.

Snag: A dead standing tree that can be hazardous.

Spike camp: Remote camp usually near a fireline, and lacking the logistical support that a larger fire camp would have.

Spotting: Behavior of a fire producing sparks or embers that are carried by the wind and which start new fires (spot fires) beyond the zone of direct ignition by the main fire. A cascade of spot fires can cause a blowup.

Strike team: Specified combinations of the same kind and type of resources, with communications, and a leader.

Suppression: All the work of extinguishing or confining a fire beginning with its discovery.

Suppression crew (also "Soup Crew"): Two or more firefighters stationed at a strategic location for initial action on fires. Duties are essentially the same as those of individual firefighters; often organized into 20-person crews, including supervisors, for simplified logistics and operations.

Surface fire: Fire that burns loose debris on the surface, which include dead branches, blowdown timber, leaves, and low vegetation, as contrasted with crown fire.

T

Task force: Any combination or single resources assembled for a particular tactical need, with common communications and a leader. A Task Force may be pre-established and sent to an incident, or formed at an incident.

Tree jump: A Smokejumper can sometimes parachute into the tree canopy if a clearing is not available or suitable.

Torching: Not to be confused with crowning, is when a single or small group of trees "torch" or go up in flames. Torching and group torching are more of a nuisance whereas crown fire has a high pucker factor.

Turn Around: A widened part of a fire break used for turning vehicles around, also used as a safe area during entrapment.

Type I Engine: A fire engine designed primarily for fighting fires in structures accessible from roads.

Type II Engine: A fire engine designed to carry and pump water for use in fire suppression. Also known as a "Tender" or "Water Tender".

Type III Engine: A fire engine designed primarily for fighting wildland fires. These engines are usually able to traverse more rugged terrain than Type I and Type II engines.

U

Understory burn: A controlled burn of fuels below the forest canopy, intended to remove fuels from on-coming or potential fires.

Urban interface: The Interface zone where man-made structures inter-mingle with wildlands, creating risk of structural involvement in a wildland fire incident and wildland fire involvement in structure fires, each of which requires different equipment, training and tactics.

W

Watch out situations: A list of 18 situations for firefighters to be aware of, which signal potential hazards on the fire line; originated from analysis of generations of similar incidents.

Water tender: Any ground vehicle capable of transporting specified quantities of water.

Wet line: Temporary control line using water or other fire retardant liquid to prevent a low-intensity fire from spreading in surface fuels or to knock down a more intense fire.

Widowmaker: Any branch or treetop that is poorly or no longer attached to a tree, but still tangled overhead; does not discriminate among potential victims by gender or marital status.

Wildfire: An unplanned, unwanted wildland fire, including unauthorized human-caused fires, escaped wildland fire use events, escaped prescribed fire projects, and all other wildland fires where the objective is to put the fire out.

Wildland: An area in which development is essentially nonexistent, except for roads, railroads, power lines, and similar transportation facilities. Structures, if any, are widely scattered.

Wildland Fire Use fires (WFU fires) are naturally-ignited wildland controlled burns that are managed for purposes of achieving specific previously-defined resource management objectives.

Windfall: Tree knocked over or broken off by wind, increasing fuel loading and hampers building fireline. Also sometimes called blowdown.

See also

List of basic firefighting topics

v  d  e

Fire fighting

Personnel

Firefighter  Fire chief  Fire marshal  Fire Master  Firefighter Assist and Search Team  Fire Police  Handcrews  Helitack  Hotshots  Smokejumper  Station officer  Volunteer fire department

Facilities

Fire camp  Fire lookout tower  Fire Service College  Fire station

Equipment

Glossary of firefighting equipment  Bunker gear  Escape chair  Fire apparatus  Fire chief's vehicle  Fire extinguisher  Fire hose  Fire hydrant  Fire retardant  Fire station  Fireman's switch  Flame retardant  Hard suction hose  Heat detector  List of fire-retardant materials  Nomex  PASS  Rescue pumper  SCBA  Siren  Smoke detector  Splash suit  Super Scooper  Thermal imaging camera

Terminology

Glossary of firefighting terms  Glossary of wildland fire terms  Aerial firefighting  Dead Man Zone  Draft  Fire classes  Fire control  Fire safety  Fire triangle  Fireman's carry  Firewall  Flash fire  Forcible entry  Gaseous fire suppression  Master stream  Stop, drop and roll  Structure fire  Two-in, two-out  Ventilation  Wetdown  Wildfire  Wildfire suppression

Miscellaneous

Fire engine red  Firefighting worldwide  History of firefighting  Incident Command System  International Association of Fire Fighters  International Firefighters' Day  List of historic fires  List of firefighting films  London Fire Brigade Museum  National Fire Incident Reporting System  National Fire Protection Association  Saint Florian  World Police and Fire Games

References

^ Glossary of Firefighting Terms from a Air National Guard website

^ Fire Use from a U.S. Forest Service website

Categories: Wildland fire suppression | Glossaries

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Minister's Service Manual $17.3 The Minister's Service Manual is an essential tool for pastors of any denomination in preparing for worship services, weddings, funerals, benedictions, dedications, baptisms, and more. This handy volume now contains updated information throughout and the best of the Minister's Marriage Manual as well. With these procedures, forms, suggestions, poems, and outlines, ministers will be fully prepared to create an appropriate service no matter what the occasion.

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Volkswagen Fox Service Manual: 1987-1993 $32.55 Bentley Publishers is the exclusive factory-authorized publisher of Volkswagen Service Manuals in the United States and Canada. In every manual we provide full factory repair procedures, specifications, tolerances, electrical wiring diagrams, and lubrication and maintenance information. Bentley manuals are the only complete, authoritative source of Volkswagen maintenance and repair information. Even if you never intend to service your car yourself, you'll find that owning a Bentley Manual will help you to discuss repairs more intelligently with your service technician.

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MINI Cooper Service Manual: 2002-2006 $109.95 APPLICATIONS: MINI Cooper Service Manual: 2002-2006 MANUAL CONTENTS: 1084 Pages, 1902 Photos, Illustrations and Diagrams The MINI Cooper Service Manual: 2002-2006 is a comprehensive source of service information and specifications for MINI Cooper models from 2002 to 2006. This manual supersedes our previous 2002-2004 manual with two more model years of coverage, including new repair information for the convertible and the 2005 facelift. The manual also includes coverage of the Cooper S models. The aim throughout this manual has been simplicity, clarity and completeness, with practical explanations, step-by-step procedures and accurate specifications. Whether you're a professional or a do-it-yourself MINI owner, this manual will help you understand, care for and repair your car. Though the do-it-yourself MINI owner will find this manual indispensable as a source of detailed maintenance and repair information, the owner who has no intention of working on his or her car will find that reading and owning this manual will make it possible to discuss repairs more intelligently with a professional technician. Models and Engines Covered: Cooper: 1.6 liter normally aspirated engine Cooper S: 1.6 liter supercharged engine Transmissions Covered: Cooper: Manual 5-speed transmission (Midlands, Getrag) Cooper: Automatic continuously variable transmission (CVT) Cooper S: Manual 6-speed transmission (Getrag) Cooper S: Automatic with Agitronic (Aisin)   Technical editor photographing a MINI Cooper S in the Bentley Publishers workshop. Measuring camshaft axial play. Locate difficult-to-find fuses.   Technical Highlights: Procedures for everything from basic oil change service to interpreting the malfunction indicator light (MIL). This manual tells you what to do and how and when to do it. Engine and cylinder head service, including camshaft timing chain setup and adjustment. Information for specific driveability problems, including explanation of the engine management system and OBD II diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) Theory of operation and repair information for the EMS2000 engine management system. Supercharger and intercooler information, including component removal and replacement (Cooper S). Drivetrain maintenance, including troubleshooting, adjustment and repair of clutch, gearshift linkage and drive axles. Manual and automatic transmission removal, installation, seal replacement and external service. System description and repair information for Antilock Brakes (ABS), Automatic Stability Control (ASC) and Dynamic Stability Control (DSC). Heating and air conditioning repair (IHKS / IHKA), including component replacement. Body adjustments and repairs, including sunroof and convertible. Wiring schematics and extensive electrical component section specifying relay, control module and ground locations with detailed illustrations and photos.  

BCI Operation/Service Manual for 3301 Pulse Oximeter $114.51 BCI Operation/Service Manual for use with BCI Hand-Held Pulse Oximeter (BCI-3301)

Uniden SMBC148XLT Service Manual for The Bc148XlT $49.95 This is a Uniden copy of the original service manual for the BC148XLT Bearcat scanner. In it you will find every single detail that you could possibly need to repair your scanner. Features. Complete parts list. Testing and troubleshooting information. Alignment procedure. Detailed diagrams and schematics.

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BMW X5 Service Manual: 2000-2006 $119.95 BMW X5 (E53) Service Manual: 2000-2006   The BMW X5 (E53) repair manual: 2000-2006 contains in-depth maintenance, service and repair information for BMW X5 models from 2000 to 2006. The aim throughout has been simplicity and clarity, with practical explanations, step-by-step procedures and accurate specifications. Whether you're a professional or a do-it-yourself BMW owner, this manual helps you understand, care for and repair your BMW. The do-it-yourself BMW owner will find this manual indispensable as a source of detailed maintenance and repair information. Even if you have no intention of working on your car, you will find that reading and owning this manual makes it possible to discuss repairs more intelligently with a professional technician.   Models and engines: 3.0i M54 engine, 6-cylinder 3.0 liter 4.4i M62 TU engine, V8 4.4 liter 4.4i N62 engine, V8 4.4 liter (Valvetronic) 4.6is M62 TU engine, V8 4.6 liter 4.8is N62 engine, V8 4.8 liter (Valvetronic) Engine management systems (Motronic): Siemens DME MS 43 Bosch DME ME 7.2 Bosch DME 9.2.1 Transmissions (remove, install, external service): Manual 5-speed S5D 280Z Manual 6-speed GS6-37BZ Automatic 5-speed A5S 390R Automatic 5-speed A5S 440Z Automatic 6-speed GA6HP26Z Technical highlights: Maintenance procedures from changing the ATF to replacing the fresh air microfilter. This manual tells you what to do and how and when to do it. Step-by-step variable camshaft timing (VANOS) service for M54 and M62 TU engines. Cylinder head cover gasket and crankshaft seal replacement. Cooling system and radiator service. Fuel injection and ignition system diagrams and explanations Information about advanced technical features such as Valvetronic, xDrive and DSC (dynamic stability control). Suspension repair procedures. Brakes, steering and ABS troubleshooting and repair. Heating and air-conditioning repair, including A/C component replacement. Body, hood and sunroof repairs and adjustments. Electrical system service, with an easy-to-use illustrated component locator section. Comprehensive wiring schematics, including power distribution and grounds. BMW OBD II diagnostic trouble codes, SAE-defined OBD II P-codes, as well as basic scan tool operation. BMW factory tolerance, wear limits, adjustments and tightening torques.

Volkswagen Fox Service Manual: 19871993 $44.16 Bentley Publishers is the exclusive factoryauthorized publisher of Volkswagen Service Manuals in the United States and Canada. In every manual we provide full factory repair procedures, specifications, tolerances, electrical wiring diagrams, and lubrication and maintenance information. Bentley manuals are the only complete, authoritative source of Volkswagen maintenance and repair information. Even if you never intend to service your car yourself, youll find that owning a Bentley Manual will help you to discuss repairs more intelligently with your service technician. Author: Bentley Publishers/ Bentley Publishers Series Title: Volkswagen Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 440 Publication Date: 2003/04/01 Language: English Dimensions: 11.03 x 8.48 x 0.98 inches

BMW Z3 Service Manual: 1996-2002 $119.95 Applications:  Z3 Roadster, Z3 Coupe, M Roadster, M Coupe Dimensions: Softcover, 8 3/8 in. x 11 in. 1152 pages 862 b&w photos, 715 illustrations  Bentley Publishers is proud to announce the publication of the BMW Z3 Service Manual: 1996-2002. This repair manual supersedes our 1996 through 1998 BMW Z3 repair manual with four more model years of coverage and repair information for the Z3 Roadster, Z3 Coupe, M Roadster and M Coupe. With extensive new information as well as revisions throughout, this book is the comprehensive source of service information and technical specifications available for the BMW Z3 Roadster and Coupe. BMW Z3 Roadster 2000 Though the do-it-yourself BMW owner will find this manual indispensable as a source of detailed maintenance and repair information, the BMW owner who has no intention of working on his or her car will find that reading and owning this manual will make it possible to discuss repairs more intelligently with a professional technician. Routine maintenance procedures such as checking brake pad thickness. 020 Maintenance   Models, engines, and engine management systems covered in this BMW repair manual :   Z3 Roadster, Z3 Coupe: M44 engine with Bosch DME M5.2 (4-cyl.) M52 engine with Siemens DME MS 41.1 (6-cyl.) M52 TU engine with Siemens DME MS 42.1 (6-cyl.) M54 engine with Siemens DME MS 43.0 (6-cyl.) M Roadster, M Coupe: S52 engine with Siemens DME MS 41.1 (6-cyl.) S54 engine with Siemens DME MS S54 (6-cyl.) Engine and cylinder head service, including VANOS timing chain setup and adjustment. . 117 Camshaft Timing Chain   Transmissions covered (remove, install, external service) in this BMW service manual:   Manual Transmission: Getrag S5D 250 G ZF S5D 310 Z Automatic Transmission: A4S 270 R A5S 360 R A5S 390 R Fuel injection service and repair, including explanation of Siemens engine management systems. 130 Fuel Injection   Technical highlights: Maintenance procedures from brake fluid changes to interpreting the malfunction indicator light (MIL). This manual tells you what to do, how and when to do it, and why it is important. Engine and cylinder head service, including valve clearance adjustment on the S54 engine. Information for specific driveability problems, including explanation of engine management systems and OBD II (On-Board Diagnostics II). Theory of operation and repair information for Bosch DME M5.2, Siemens DME MS 41.1, MS 42.1, MS 43.0, and MS S54 engine management, DISA (dual resonance intake system), resonance/turbulence intake manifold and single and double VANOS (Variable Camshaft Timing). Drivetrain maintenance, troubleshooting, adjustment and repair, including hydraulic clutch, gearshift linkage, and driveshaft. Heating and air conditioning repair, including A/C component replacement. Body adjustments and repairs, including convertible top replacement and adjustment. Wiring schematics and extensive electrical component section specifying power distribu

Audi TT: 2000-2006 Service Manual $89.95 Audi TT Repair Manual: 2000-2006 Service to Audi owners is of top priority to Audi and has always included the continuing development and introduction of new and expanded services. Whether you're a professional or a do-it-yourself Audi owner, this manual will help you understand, care for, and repair your Audi. Audi TT Coupe   Although the do-it-yourself Audi owner will find this manual indispensable as a source of theory of operation and step-by-step maintenance and repair information, the Audi owner who has no intention of working on his or her car will find that reading and owning this manual will make it possible to discuss repairs more intelligently with a professional technician. Bentley technical editors working on a TT Roadster.   Engines covered: 1.8L turbo gasoline (engine code: ATC, AWP, AMU, BEA) 3.2L gasoline (engine code: BHE)   Transmissions covered: 02J 5-speed manual (front wheel drive) 02M/02Y 5- and 6-speed manual (all wheel drive) 09G 6-speed automatic (front wheel drive) 02E 6-speed DSG (all wheel drive)   Timing belt replacement (2.8 liter engine). Location of ignition components on 3.2L engine. 28 Ignition System Technical highlights: Covers TT Coupe and Roadster (convertible) models 2000-2006. Maintenance procedures: from oil changes to belt replacement. Engine and cylinder head service, including timing belt replacement for 4-cylinder engines. Removal, installation and testing of Motronic fuel injection system components. Exhaust system component replacement, including Secondary Air Injection system. Drivetrain maintenance, troubleshooting, adjustment and repair, including clutch, gearshift linkage, and drive axles. Suspension component replacement, including front struts, rear shocks, springs, front stabilizer bar and alignment procedures and specifications. Heating and air conditioning component replacement. Body adjustment and repairs, including front door components, fenders, bumper covers and convertible top replacement. Audi OBD II diagnostic trouble codes, SAE-defined OBD II P-codes, as well as basic scan tool operation. Comprehensive Audi factory tolerances, wear limits, adjustments, and tightening torques

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BCI Autocorr Plus Oximeter/ECG Monitor Service Manual $94.77 BCI Autocorr Plus Oximeter/ECG Monitor Service Manual

Steris Maintenance Service Manual for Amsco 3080 Surgery Table $1137.08 Steris Maintenance Service Manual for Amsco 3080 Surgery Table

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Seloc / Seloc Service Manual - Mercury/Mariner - 2 Stroke - 1990-00 / 1416 $33.44 Seloc - Seloc Service Manual - Mercury/Mariner - 2 Stroke - 1990-00 - 1416

Seloc / Seloc Service Manual - Mercury Outboards - 3-4Cyl - 1965-89 / 1406 $33.44 Seloc - Seloc Service Manual - Mercury Outboards - 3-4Cyl - 1965-89 - 1406